![]() ![]() The word later came to be used as a term for great whale and for sea monsters in general. Some 19th-century scholars pragmatically interpreted it as referring to large aquatic creatures, such as the crocodile. Leviathan also figures in the Hebrew Bible as a metaphor for a powerful enemy, notably Babylon ( Isaiah 27:1). Parallels to the role of Mesopotamian Tiamat defeated by Marduk have long been drawn in comparative mythology, as have been wider comparisons to dragon and world serpent narratives such as Indra slaying Vrtra or Thor slaying Jörmungandr. The Leviathan of the Book of Job is a reflection of the older Canaanite Lotan, a primeval monster defeated by the god Baal Hadad. According to Ophite diagrams, the Leviathan encapsulates the space of the material world. Christian theologians identified Leviathan with the demon of the deadly sin envy. The Leviathan is often an embodiment of chaos and threatening to eat the damned after their life. It is referenced in several books of the Hebrew Bible, including Psalms, the Book of Job, the Book of Isaiah, the Book of Amos, and, according to some translations, in the Book of Jonah it is also mentioned in the Book of Enoch. ə θ ən/ liv- EYE-ə-thən Hebrew: לִוְיָתָן, romanized: Līvyāṯān) is a sea serpent noted in theology and mythology. ![]() The Destruction of Leviathan by Gustave Doré (1865)
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